Introduction. Socio-cultural basis and theoretical foundations of biomedical ethics.

1. Stages of development of biomedical ethics. Models of biomedical ethics. Bioethics and the circumstances of its emergence.
2. Universal ethics. Features of bioethics.
3. The structure of bioethics. Principles and rules of biomedical ethics

Distinctive features of medical bioethics from previous models.

1. Bioethics as a social institution.
2. Healthcare Professionals and Society. Negative Consequences of Medical Practice. The Problem of Iatrogenic Diseases.
3. Rules of relationships between a medical worker and a patient in medical and scientific activities.
5. Rights of medical personnel. "Geneva Declaration of the World Medical Association (International Physiciansʼ Oath)". "International Code of Medical Ethics".

Ethical and moral issues in conducting clinical trials and experiments on humans and animals.

1. Bioethical standards when conducting research on living individuals, as well as on animals.
2. Belmont principles. R. Birch-W. Russell rule.
3. "International Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Animals"

Social, legal and moral aspects of the beginning of life.

1. Life as the highest value.
2. The moral status of the fetus. Approaches to the question of the value of life.
3. Quality of life. Types of quality of life scales.
4. Determining the time of the onset of human life. Establishing the status of the embryo.

Abortions, sterilization, new reproductive technologies.

1. Positions on the issue of abortion.
2. Liberal position. Conservative position.
3. Intermediate position. Approaches of Western European countries. 2

World Medical Association Statement on"Women's right to use contraception"

1. Issues of artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and surrogacy.
2. Ethical issues and legal aspects of the use of donor eggs and surrogacy.

Modern biomedical technologies and ethical problems of intervention in human nature.

1. Modern biomedical technologies and ethical issues of intervention in human nature
2. Innovative biomedical technologies.
3. Convergent technologies.

Innovative biomedical technologies and their ethical implications

1. Innovative biomedical technologies in medical practice
2. The role of medical personnel in the use of innovative biomedical technologies
3. Ethical significance of innovative biomedical technologies

Legal and ethical issues in life extension. Ethical issues related to euthanasia and transplantation.

1. Legal and ethical issues of life extension
2. The concept of euthanasia. Types of euthanasia.
3. Moral and legal aspects of euthanasia.

Palliative medicine.

1. Hospices and their activities.
2. The Venice Declaration of the World Medical Association on terminal illness,
3. Statement on Policy for the Treatment of Fatal Patients with Chronic Pain 2

Moral and legal problems of AIDS.

1. The AIDS Epidemic and Ethics.
2. Early problems of AIDS.
3. Rights of people living with HIV.

Experimental treatment for AIDS.

1. Ethical issues related to professional risks of medical workers.
2. Social cohesion and mutual assistance.

Ethical problems of extreme situations.

1. Ethics in psychiatry and psychotherapy.
2. Communication in individual departments of the clinic.
3. Communication with the mentally ill, drug addicts and patients whose death is soon inevitable.

Peculiarities of clinical ethics in the work of a psychiatrist.

1. Rights of people with mental illnesses.
2. UN Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons
3. Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and the Improvement of Psychiatric Care, Madrid Declaration of the World Psychiatric Association,
4. Mental Health Law: Ten Basic Principles

Recommendations for ensuring the rights of persons with mental illnesses

1. Recommendations on psychiatry and human rights
2. Recommendation No. 10 "On the protection of human rights and dignity of persons with mental illnesses"

Bioethics and the circumstances of the emergence of bioethics.  

1. Universal ethics. Features of bioethics.
2. The structure of bioethics. Principles and rules of biomedical ethics.
3. Distinctive features of medical ethics from previous models.
4. Bioethics as a social institution. Health and the environment. The concept of "disease".

International public organizations  

1. Red Cross Society, Mother Teresaʼs Charitable Order, Doctors Without Borders
2. World Association of Emergency and Disaster Medicine.
3. PP Republic of Uzbekistan No. 5590 of 07.12.2018 “On comprehensive measures for the radical improvement of the healthcare system of the Republic of Uzbekistan”.
4. PP of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 311 of 09/05/2024 “On measures to implement mechanisms of state health insurance”.

Rights, independence and duties of citizens.  

1. The issue of patientsʼ rights. The rights, independence, and responsibilities of citizens, enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
2. Contents of Articles 26 and 40 of the Constitution. Law "On the Protection of Citizensʼ Health".
3. The relationship between patient rights under the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan and ethical and legal aspects.
4. The Lisbon Declaration on Patientsʼ Rights of the World Medical Association (1981, 1995).

Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine, adopted by the Council of Europe:  

1. Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine” (1997).
2. Ethical issues in physician-patient relationships related to the development of medical science and practice. Ethical models of physician-patient relationships according to R. Veatch, T. Shashi and M. Hollender, E. Emanuel and L. Emanuel.
3. Features of the relationship between a nurse and a patient. Model by Sh. Smith. Problems of clinical risk. The concept of clinical risk.
4. Ethical and legal aspects of clinical risk situations
5. The problem of ensuring the safety of medical care in medical institutions and its importance.

Ethical aspects of the use of new reproductive technologies and prenatal diagnostics.  

1. Issues of artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and surrogacy.
2. Ethical issues and legal aspects of the use of donor eggs and surrogacy. 4

Ethical aspects of conducting research on embryos.  

1. Statement of the World Medical Association “On Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer” (1987).
2. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Protection of Reproductive Health of Citizens” (2019).
3. Contents of the regulation on the procedure for using approved assisted reproductive technologies in the Republic of Uzbekistan (2020).

Moral aspects of death and dying. Clinical and vegetative death.  

1. Vegetative state. The problem of "brain death" and its significance in modern medical practice. Clinical signs of "brain death."
2. Establishing the diagnosis of “brain death”. “Declaration of Sinai - on the Declaration of Death” of the World Medical Association (1968, 1983).
3. Statement on the Persistent Vegetative State (1989).
4. The concept of euthanasia.

Types of euthanasia.  

1. Moral and legal aspects of euthanasia.
2. Palliative medicine. Hospices and their activities.
3. The Venice Declaration of the World Medical Association “On the incurable condition” (1983), “On euthanasia” (1987), the statement “On policy in the field of treatment of patients with chronic illnesses doomed to die” (1990).

History and status of transplantology.  

1. The problem of donation. Types of transplantation. Donation of living individuals and cadavers.
2. Ethical and legal issues in transplantology.
3. Legal models of cadaveric donation. The history and current state of organ and tissue transplantation in Uzbekistan.
4. Declaration on Human Organ Transplantation (1987). Statement on Embryonic Tissue Transplantation (1989) of the World Medical Association

Temporary Regulation of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the procedure for transplantation of kidney stem cells and (or) a fragment of the liver and hematopoietic bone marrow”  

1. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues" (UP No. 768 of May 11, 2022). Ethical and legal aspects of regulating biomedical research.
2. Temporary Regulation “On the procedure for transplantation of a kidney and (or) a liver fragment in close relatives” (PCM of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 859 of October 23, 2017).
3. Bioethical standards for conducting research on living individuals and animals. Belmont principles. R. Birch-W. Russellʼs rule. "International Guidelines for the Conduct of Medical and Biological Research Involving Animals" (1985).
4. The World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (1964). Ethics committees, their status and functions. "Guidelines for the work of ethics committees conducting expert reviews of biomedical tests" (2000). Ethical and legal aspects of conducting experimental and clinical trials of new drugs and medical technologies.
5. Evidence-based medicine. Methodology for conducting clinical trials.
6. Features of a randomized controlled trial. Four phases of clinical trials

Ethical issues in the use of genetic engineering technologies.  

1. Applied genetic methods.
2. Preimplantation and prenatal genetic diagnostics.
3. The concept of eugenics. “The Human Genome and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights” (1997).

The state of the art in biotechnology, biosafety and genetic engineering.  

1. Use of stem cells, bioethical aspects of cloning.
2. Ethical issues in specific areas of the healthcare system.
3. Modern psychiatry. Ethical and ethical issues in drug addiction treatment. Oncological diseases, diseases caused by HIV infection and AIDS.
4. The phenomenon of “Aids phobia”, ethical and legal aspects of providing medical care to patients in cases of acute infectious diseases.

Nanomedicine and Nanoethics.  

1. The essence of the concept of nanomedicine and nanoethics.
2. Diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, rehabilitation, disease prevention, health promotion and improvement based on nanomedicine.
3. Ethical issues of applied nanomedical developments and technologies.
4. Problems of safety and risk control of nanotechnological means. Environmental safety. Justice. Information security.

Ethical issues arising in the development and use of neuroimaging technologies.  

1. Computer, diffuse optical, magnetic resonance imaging and other methods.
2. Possibilities of using neuroimaging for non-medical purposes.
3. Mental enhancement. Social, cultural, political, and other consequences of the discovery of brain biochemistry and the development of tools to influence it.
4. Ethics of digital technologies in medicine.

Telemedicine, teledentery.  

1. The introduction of digital technologies in medicine and their impact on the principles of bioethics.
2. Medical technologization. Biomedical data and big data in digital medicine.
3. Digital technologies in medicine: ethical and legal issues. Telemedicine, teledentistry.

Ethical theories. The role of Hippocrates in the development of medical ethics. The contributions of al-Ruhawi, Zakariya al-Razi, Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Abu Amron Musa ibn Ma'mun, and Eastern thinkers to the development of medical ethics.

Ethical and legal aspects of patient access to information. The issue of consent to treatment.

Ethical and legal aspects of the issue of "Medical Confidentiality." Ethical and legal aspects of the issue of compensation for material and moral damages caused during the provision of medical care.

The object of the science of bioethics. Attitudes toward life and death in major religious denominations. Rules, instructions, and regulations for defining "brain death" in various countries. Ethical and legal assessment of direct active euthanasia in medical practice.

Ethical and legal aspects of cases of indirect active euthanasia. The problem of passive euthanasia in medical practice.

Death as a moral issue. Death in various cultural and philosophical traditions. Medicine and the problem of the patient's physical and mental integrity.

Medicinal thanasia and disthanasia are variants of euthanasia. Suicide as a manifestation of active euthanasia. The history of hospices. Hospice activities in developed countries.

Medicinal thanasia and disthanasia are variants of euthanasia. Suicide as a manifestation of active euthanasia. The history of hospices. Hospice activities in developed countries.

Termination of pregnancy in Uzbekistan. Termination of pregnancy from the perspective of major religious denominations. The status of the use of new reproductive technologies in Uzbekistan. The activities of screening centers in Uzbekistan.

Ethical and legal aspects of transplantation in Uzbekistan. Biosafety, its structure, and the legal basis for its application.

Ethical aspects of the creation and use of transgenic plants and animals. The human genome. Prospects for genomics and genomic medicine.

Ethical issues in medical experiments. The role of bioethics in the humanization of medicine. Ethical issues in pathological anatomy. Ethical issues in forensic medical examination.

Ethical aspects of providing dental care to citizens. The importance of evidence-based medicine in the work of physicians.

The hospice movement against the legalization of euthanasia: history and current status. Eugenics and neoeugenics: an ethical analysis of ideas.

Г.Қутликова - Head of the Department of Clinical Sciences, KUAB, доцент, PhD:

X.Musashayxov - Заведующий кафедрой, --ilmiy darajasini kiriting, masalan, t.f.f.d (PhD) (bor bo'lsa)--